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                                <gco:CharacterString>Bericht: "Makrozoobenthos: Emsmündung Papenburg bis Emden (1979)"</gco:CharacterString>
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                                        <gco:CharacterString>Rhode, B. (1982): Die Bodenfauna der Watten in der Emsmündung von Papenburg bis Emden. Forschungsstelle Küste. Jahresbericht 1980. Band 32. Norderney: 99-118.</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Diskussion und Zusammenfassung: 
Die Untersuchung von Juni bis Oktober 1979 statt. Die Untersuchung der unteren Ems zwischen Emden und Papenburg ergab eine deutliche ökologische Gliederung in vier Abschnitte, die sich auf unterschiedlicher Artenzusammensetzung und flussaufwärts abnehmender Abundanz und Biomasse begründen. Allein der Abschnitt IV, die Leda, die bei Leerort in die Ems mündet, bildet eine Ausnahme. Trotz weiter reduzierter Artenzahl steigen hier Besiedlungsdichte und Biomasse wieder an. Eine mögliche Ursache dieser Erscheinung könnte in der Sedimentbeschaffenheit zu suchen sein.

 Summary: 
In the river Ems between Papenburg and Emden, which is the transition area from freshwater to lowly concentrated brackish water, a survey of the macrozoobenthos fauna (including Oligochaeta) of the intertidal mudflats was carried out. In addition, salinity distribution, properties of the sediment and composition of the intertidal reed belts ere investigated. The whole investigative area shows a very pronounced uniformity of the substratum. In all stations the material is composed of mud in more or less soft consistency which contains a blend of sand only in the upstream area, close to the channel, or in the vicinity of sluices.

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